Introdução: as inovações tecnológicas que surgem no contexto dos Arquivos estão diretamente ligadas à sua capacidade de evolução e adaptação. Descobrir e estudar quais dessas novas tecnologias podem ser mais bem aproveitadas nos Arquivos pode ser a diferença entre evoluir ou padecer. Objetivo: mapear as tendências recentes encontradas na literatura científica sobre as mudanças que estão ocorrendo nos Arquivos. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, para determinar as principais tendências encontradas na literatura científica recente, a partir do ano de (...) 2015, sobre as inovações e mudanças que têm ocorrido nos Arquivos. Resultados: observa que alguns aspectos de destaque no que concerne às Arquivos do futuro: evolução da web, makerspaces, redes sociais e mudança no perfil do profissional que trabalha com Arquivos. Conclusões: O futuro dos Arquivos é ainda incerto, mas aponta em algumas direções, e é definitivamente digital, com acesso universal, porém não gratuito, também admite a esfera de social, interativa e vivo em constante evolução, uma evoluir bem mais rápido e dinâmico do que o observado no século XX. (shrink)

O Brasil, diz Millôr Fernandes, tem um enorme passado pela frente e, esse projeto de nação ergue-se com a memória coletiva. Nessa via, o objetivo do estudo é analisar bibliometricamente como a temática ‘memória coletiva’ se apresenta indexada no acervo da literatura científica da Ciência da Informação - Brapci. A pesquisa estabelece métricas sobre o quantitativo anual de publicações, os periódicos e os autores envolvidos, as palavras chaves mais frequentes. Estabelecido o recorte dos últimos dez anos completos, são recuperados 50 (...) artigos. O diagnóstico nota a sustentabilidade da produção científica relacionada ao tema memória coletiva e, com o debate das práticas patrimoniais e memorialistas alinham-se ações em prol da visibilidade, do acautelamento e da proteção do Patrimônio Cultural. Conclui-se que entre os anos de 2017 e 2021 a temática memória coletiva adentra na Ciência da Informação, cingindo construtos em prol da ética, da transparência e dos direitos humanos. A temática processa amplas provocações e reflexões que, por meio das narrativas da memória e do esquecimento estão ligadas ao status teórico-linguístico inerente às interfaces do Ser Informação. (shrink)

Deep brain stimulation is part of state-of-the-art treatment for medically refractory Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor or primary dystonia. However, there are multiple movement disorders that present after a static brain lesion and that are frequently refractory to medical treatment. Using Holmes tremor as an example, we discuss the effectiveness of currently available treatments and, performing simulations using a Markov Chain approach, propose that DBS with iterative parameter optimization is expected to be more effective than an approach based on sequential trials (...) of pharmacological agents. Since, in DBS studies for HT, the thalamus is a frequently chosen target, using data from previous studies of lesion connectivity mapping in HT, we compared the connectivity of thalamic and non-thalamic targets with a proxy of the HT network, and found a significantly higher connectivity of thalamic DBS targets in HT. The understanding of brain networks provided by analysis of functional connectivity may thus provide an informed framework for proper surgical targeting of individual patients. Based on these findings, we argue that there is an ethical imperative to at least consider surgical options in patients with uncommon movement disorders, while simultaneously providing consistent information regarding the expected effectiveness and risks, even in a scenario of surgical-risk aversion. An approach based on n-of-1 DBS trials may ultimately significantly improve outcomes while informing on optimal therapeutic targets and parameter settings for HT and other disabling and rare movement disorders. (shrink)

Resumo: A máxima de Píndaro “torna-te o que tu és” representou por muito tempo o mote da formação humana, pautada historicamente por diversos humanismos, até ser ressignificada em um perspectiva pós-humanista por Nietzsche, que a retoma no subtítulo de sua obra autobiográfica Ecce Homo. Coube a Foucault, no entanto, apresentar uma versão transformada da velha máxima. “Tornarmo-nos o que nunca fomos” é a reivindicação de um cuidado de si liberto dos pressupostos metafísicos e ideológicos dos muitos humanismos que almejam impor (...) tipos humanos universais. O objetivo deste artigo é recuperar as linhas gerais desse movimento histórico-filosófico em dois momentos: primeiro, na transformação do sentido originário da máxima de Píndaro no uso que Nietzsche faz dela; depois, na crítica ao humanismo que segue com Heidegger e desemboca em Foucault. Argumenta-se que a versão foucaultiana da máxima de Píndaro, “torna-te o que nunca fostes”, pode ser assumida como um lema da formação pós-humanista. Palavras-chave: Formação; Humanismo; Pós-humanismo; Nietzsche; Foucault “To become what we have never been”: Foucault’s post-humanist version of the traditional motto of human formation Abstract: Pindar’s maxim “become what you are” represented for a long time the motto of human formation, historically guided by different humanisms, until it was re-signified in a post-humanist perspective by Nietzsche, who takes it up in the subtitle of his autobiographical work Ecce Homo. It was up to Foucault, however, to present a transformed version of the old maxim. “We have become what we have never been” is the demand for self-care freed from the metaphysical and ideological assumptions of the many humanisms that aim to impose universal human types. The aim of this article is to recover the general guidelines of this historical-philosophical movement in two moments: first, in the transformation of the original meaning of Pindar’s maxim in the use that Nietzsche makes of it; then, in the critique of humanism that follows with Heidegger and ends in Foucault. It is argued that the Foucauldian version of Pindar’s maxim, “become what you have never been”, may be assumed as a motto of post-humanist education. Key-words: Formation; Humanism; Post-humanism; Nietzsche; Foucault “Convertirse en algo que nunca se ha sido”: la versión poshumanista de Foucault para el mote tradicional de la formación humana Resumen: La máxima de Píndaro “conviértete en lo que tú eres” representó desde hace mucho tiempo el mote de la formación humana, pautada históricamente por diversos humanismos, hasta ser resignificada en una perspectiva poshumanista por Nietzche, que retoma en el subtítulo de su obra autobiográfica Ecce Homo. Sin embargo, cupo a Foucault presentar una versión transformada desde la vieja máxima. “Convertirse en algo que nunca se ha sido” es el reclamo de un cuidado de uno mismo liberto de los supuestos metafísicos e ideológicos de los muchos humanismos que desean imponer tipos humanos universales. El objetivo de este estudio es recuperar las líneas generales de ese movimiento histórico-filosófico en dos momentos: primero, en el cambio del sentido originario de la máxima de Píndaro en el uso que Nietzche hizo de ella; enseguida, en la crítica al humanismo que sigue con Heidegger y termina en Foucault. Se argumenta que la versión foucaultiana de la máxima de Píndaro, “Conviértete en lo que nunca has sido”, puede ser asumida como lema de la formación poshumanista. Palabras-clave: Formación; Humanismo; Poshumanismo; Nietzche; Foucault Data de registro: 22/08/2022 Data de aceite: 13/12/2022. (shrink)

El propósito en este artículo es mostrar que, a pesar del juicio lapidario de algunos estudiosos de las últimas décadas respecto del interés filosófico del bizantino Miguel de Éfeso, es posible encontrar aspectos relevantes en sus lecturas e interpretaciones de Aristóteles. Argumentaré que el comentario de Miguel al _De motu animalium_ merece ser tratado seriamente. En la medida en que Miguel a veces emplea un modelo conceptual estoico para explicar Aristóteles, propone una idea nueva sobre cómo entender (...) la teoría aristotélica de la acción. Las interpretaciones del texto aristotélico por parte de Miguel no son meras repeticiones; en algunos pasajes se advierten desarrollos que van más allá de Aristóteles, aun cuando presuponen premisas aristotélicas bastante claras. (shrink)

Education is a fundamental pillar in human development, and its evolution throughout history has been influenced by a variety of factors, including imaginative culture and human nature. In this study, we explore how educational methods have evolved in response to the interaction between these two aspects. We look at how human creativity, imagination, and adaptation have influenced the way we teach and learn, from early forms of knowledge transmission to more contemporary approaches focused on active student engagement and the development (...) of practical skills. Our research is based on a comprehensive review of the academic literature in the fields of education, evolutionary psychology, cultural anthropology, and imagination studies. We explore how societies have used imagination as a tool to transmit knowledge and values, as well as to foster creativity and individual expression. We also examine how adaptive aspects of human nature, such as the ability to learn collaboratively and adapt to changing environments, have influenced the way educational methods are designed. Our results show a clear evolution in educational methods over time, from approaches focused on the one-way transmission of knowledge to more interactive and participatory models that encourage exploration and discovery. We identify common patterns in the way societies have used imagination and adaptation to promote learning and socialization and discuss the implications of these findings for contemporary education. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between imaginative culture, human nature, and education. It provides a solid foundation for the design of educational methods that harness the innate creativity and adaptability of human beings and offers guidance for educators and policymakers on how to promote meaningful and lasting learning in today's world. (shrink)

El periodo comprendido entre el último tercio del siglo XIX y el primero del siglo XX significó la época dorada de la escuela católica en la archidiócesis de Sevilla. El Informe que Marcelo Spinola y Maestre, arzobispo de la sede hispalense, remitía a la Santa Sede, a petición de ésta, en 1901, reflejaba de modo fiel y detallado la actividad general de las instituciones religiosas masculinas y femeninas. Dicho informe desmonta una serie de prejuicios anticlericales muy difundidos en la (...) época en torno a la educación católica. El presente artículo recoge sólo la parte del informe relativa a las congregaciones religiosas femeninas dedicadas a la enseñanza. (shrink)

Whithin the critique literature scope there are two standpoints as regards Machiavellian Cosmos: On one hand the traditional standpoint embodied by Leo Straus that has belittled the impact of the forces of nature; whereas on the other hand the standpoint headed by Gennaro Sasso, Miguel Angel Granada y Anthony Parel has interpreted the Machiavellian text concerning the debate between neoplatonics and neoaristotelians The Machiavelli´s overuse of a cosmological schema- wherein the life of the politic bodies is explained through an (...) adequate knowledge of the laws of the natural world-is argued in this paper as from the interpretation of the oblivione delle cose concept in D., II, V and D., I, LVI. (shrink)

La vanguardia filosófica de la “nueva generación” argentina de la década de 1920 no ha sido objeto, como tal, de investigaciones precedentes, y el artículo comienza con una discusión al respecto. Se traza luego un panorama de las disputas ideológicas de la época, especialmente en Inicial, la revista donde mejor se expresó esa vanguardia filosófica. Las restantes secciones del artículo se abocan a sus filósofos más representativos: Miguel Ángel Virasoro, Vicente Fatone, Carlos Astrada y Ángel Vassallo. Se cotejan sus (...) conceptos sobre la crisis de Occidente y la misión histórica de la nueva generación. Pero el espiritualismo y el vitalismo característicos de sus planteos se observan luego también en sus críticas al tomismo y al positivismo, así como en sus reivindicaciones sobre la integralidad del espíritu, y en otras cuestiones metafísicas y políticas. Se señalan, finalmente, las principales direcciones posibles para más amplias investigaciones. The philosophical avant-garde of the Argentinean “new generation” in the 1920s is not as such subject of preceding research, and the paper begins with a discussion on this matter. An overview of the ideological disputes at the time is then outlined, especially concerning Inicial, the journal in which that avant-garde better expressed itself. The next sections of the paper deal with its most representatives philosophers: Miguel Ángel Virasoro, Vicente Fatone, Carlos Astrada and Ángel Vassallo. Their concepts are compared with regard to the crisis of the West and the historical mission of the new generation. But their approaches’ characteristic spiritualism and vitalism can then also be noticed in their criticism of Thomism and positivism, as well as in their claims about the integrality of spirit, and in other metaphysical and political questions. Finally the main possible directions for further research are pointed out. (shrink)

The emergence of social networking is closely related with the new technologies improving user interface experience thus making the interaction between users more natural and intuitive. Before, the first online communities of interest were user lists and asynchronous discussion groups resembling more the form of mass mailings than informal discussions in a cafe or in a classroom. The impact of web 2.0 on scientific practices has become evident in establishing more and more epistemic communities as virtual communities and vice versa. (...) With respect to the role of the paradigm in the constitution and operations of an epistemic community, the framework of values and the ethical reflection of that become its own form of binding and guiding principle of the theoretical action. Thus any individual who joins an online community with the ambition of an epistemic effect must develop the morals and ethics necessary to enable him/her to understand the relevant forms of their theoretical practice. (shrink)

As result of the ongoing doctoral research, this paper composes the Communication delivered at the First National Post-Graduate Meeting in Philosophy of the University of Brasilia. The thesis relates to the real political action arising from liberty and immanent power. Structured in two moments of the Gramscian thought, that is: a) the juvenile phase (1914-1919), correspondent to the initial period of political engagement towards adherence to the Turin labor movement; and b) the analysis of the 48th § of Volume 3 (...) Prison Notebooks (Q 3, 48, 197) about the real political action. The whole problematic of the research relies in the investigation about Gramscian philosophical demands of the real political action that distinguishes it from the utopian idealism. In this sense, which are Gramscian´s contributions towards the Philosophy of praxis? The research indicates that the praxis requires a critical consciousness – passed through intellectual action in the formation of the people –, since the historical conditions are already given. (shrink)

On the face of it, Phillips's claim is that we are getting better all the time, or at least that we may do so. For him, “to talk about getting better... is to talk about pursuing the life we want.” His book, always suggestive and often brilliant, entails an argument in moral philosophy, roughly in favor of Millean experiments in living. A number of difficulties, however, arise. The first and perhaps the foremost is that the moral philosophy is covered by (...) several layers of sheep's clothing. The first three chapters of the book (“Cure,” “Unsatisfying Pleasures,” “Truth”) put forth a version of psychotherapy that substitutes a cheerful William James for Freud and, ultimately, for every conceivable psychoanalyst. James is also the explicit topic of the fifth and final chapter (“Loose Change”). Phillips argues that James's description of conversion turns out to be a theory of change and that “the new way we should describe change is experimenting with beliefs.” To believe is, for Phillips's James, “to act as if something is true.” The lupine part of Phillips's argument, and the most complex and best section of the book, comes up in the fourth chapter (“On Not Having Experiences”). The picture painted is not rosy. Children, babies, and conceivably the rest of us are depicted there as Humean skeptics, for whom, since there cannot be any future experiences, there really cannot be any criteria for engaging in any particular experiment in living. Alas, our present condition does not allow for any experience of the future—which is to say that pragmatism about the future is just wishful thinking; we cannot experiment with experience. Phillips perceives the deep affinity between Humean and Freudian metaphysics but is unwilling to subscribe to either version. He somehow knows that there is no getting better there. (shrink)

La intervención de la ciudad con fines artístico-creativos en manos de colectivos o anónimos transeúntes, es una práctica cada vez más habitual en el espacio urbano. Esta pluralidad de manifestaciones, tanto icónicas como verbales, suscita ciertas controversias a la hora de nominarlas, sobre todo por tratarse de “obras” proscritas en su mayoría, por lo que su estatus artístico o literario es, a veces, discutible. A partir de la delimitación de la estructura de necesidades de algunas expresiones artísticas, en este trabajo (...) proponemos una taxonomía, basada en la lógica analógica de Jean-Marie Schaeffer, de las manifestaciones murales de tipo lúdico-textual inscritas en la ciudad. Para ello, tomamos como referentes a tres representantes vigentes de lo que llamaremos aquí, pintadas poéticas. Con este trabajo trabajo buscamos contribuir a esclarecer la ambigüedad conceptual que existe en torno a la noción de pintadas poéticas, y a revitalizar la discusión sobre el espacio urbano, el espacio virtual, la subversión y la institución artística. (shrink)

A presente abordagem é uma pressuposiçáo de que Platáo se ocupa do conteudo da arte mas, com isso, determina a instância da filosofia. Os argumentos do dialogo Ìon sáo entendidos aqui como articulaçáo de um vinculo necesserio entre saber da inspiraçáo divina e saber de arte-ciencia. Indaga-se aqui, como isto se dá?

A sample of 703 Spanish psychologists completed an online survey containing 114 behaviors related to professional practice in different areas. The aim of the study was to learn which professional behaviors create ethical dilemmas most often for psychologists and how they respond to these issues. Findings suggest that psychologists who have actually faced a particular dilemma are less strict on judging the inappropriateness of a possible ethical transgression than those psychologists who have not experienced it. Also, four clusters can be (...) identified according to the attitude of respondents toward the dilemmas, namely ?rejection,? ?aprioristic,? ?utilitarian,? and ?no conflict.? (shrink)

A fenomenologia heideggeriana é marcada pela busca de uma experiência que precede a oposição de sujeito e objeto. Esse processo teve início na juventude desse filósofo em seus cursos e que culminou na elaboração de seu procedimento fenomenológico conhecido como os indícios formais. A intenção desse artigo é encontrar elementos que elucidem a gênese desse processo que se encontra, em especial, no curso proferido em 1919, entre outros. Além disso, intenta-se perceber o inevitável desembocar dessa abordagem para uma das questões (...) centrais do pensamento do jovem filósofo, que é a questão do tempo. (shrink)

Es tan sorprendente, concorde con la naturaleza humana, útil y profunda la doctrina de Vitoria sobre la organización universal de los pueblos que aparece como repentinamente en el s. XVI, sin una aparente fuente de continuidad, que cualquier persona con un poco de mentalidad científica no puede dejar de preguntarse: ¿de dónde la ha sacado? ¿De dónde ha extraído esa comprensión tan profunda del mundo, y ese pensamiento tan hermoso? Cualquiera puede pensar que, pensamiento político o jurídico semejante había de (...) derivarse de algún manuscrito empolvado y escondido en algún lugar, como un tesoro, cuya influencia hubiera ejercido, de manera latente, y a este investigador le hubiera tocado descubrir. Pero veremos que no: que el verdadero tesoro escondido es la simple idea de amistad, entendida en su sentido más pleno. (shrink)

Résumé À partir de l’opposition marxiste entre action et interprétation, ce texte analyse le refus artistique de l’interprétation : chez les peintres de la Nouvelle Figuration créateurs de « Vie et mort de Marcel Duchamp » ; dans le mouvement surréaliste prônant l’action politique après la tentation herméneutique et opérant une synthèse dans l’activisme artistique ; dans l’esthétique relationnelle de Nicolas Bourriaud qui déplace la question en évoquant l’interprétation au sens scénographique du terme.

En las circunstancias políticas de la actualidad. el concepto de "tolerancia" ha recuperado una importante dignidad académica y ha sido materia de numerosas investigaciones. Pese a ello, la "tolerancia" sigue siendo considerada como una virtud "borrosa" o "elusiva". En el artículo se propone una interpretación sistemática de dicha noción, con el propósito de establecer un conjunto de matrices hermenéuticas que puedan darnos luces sobre su alcance y sus limitaciones. En dicho análisis, la tolerancia resulta ser una noción "parasitaria". cuya validez (...) depende siempre de una concepción moral previa, de carácter afirmativo y propositivo. Se sugiere, en tal sentido, que el nuevo paradigma del "reconocimiento" puede hacer las veces de marco normativo último y teleológico de la noción de tolerancia. (shrink)

The Cold War, extended from the popularization of its name in 1947 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, functioned a bipolar order in which the White House and the Kremlin set the pace of events. In accordance with the decentralization of the axis of the shock [1], both superpowers chose to avoid direct confrontation and based their strategy on a kind of tactical movements carried out by third parties. The direct consequence was the creation of a breeding (...) ground in developing countries, victims of the competitiveness of both executives and in the specific case of Latin America, in a succession of political disorders that alternated the birth of revolutionary movements and the imposition of military dictatorships. (shrink)